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John Trumbull (1756-1843), artist, soldier, politician, is remembered chiefly for his huge battle scenes and his portraits of Washington, Hamilton and other Revolutionary leaders. Decor Paintings He exchanged his life%u2019s work with Yale University for an annuity. Matthew Pratt (1734-1805) is best Icnown for the famous painting in the Metropolitan Museum showing the interior of West%u2019s studio. William Dunlap (1766-1839) is known as the "American Vasari"; his gossipy History of the Arts oj Design in the United States is the foundation for early American art history. Two of West%u2019s most promising students, Robert Fulton (1765-1815) and Samuel F. B. Morse (1791-1872), were forced by lack of appreciation to turn from art to mechanical invention, the former to perfecting the steamboat and the latter to inventing the telegraph (after he had helped found the National Academy in 1826 and served as its first president). Buildings Structures painting Morse%u2019s picture of the aged Lafayette, done during the famous Frenchman%u2019s farewell visit to America in 1825, belongs to the end of the Anglo-American tradition. Washington Allston (1779-1843), of the second generation of West%u2019s students, personified the popular drift away from the English tradition to the Italian. He painted in the grand Romantic style, recalling Salvator Rosa, Seventeenth Century Italian painter. Picasso Paintings When Asher B. Durand gave up portraittore about 1839 to paint "a sort of dramatic scene in which a particular tree or aspect of nature may be called the principal figure," Romantic Art his move was in tune with his time. Artists, especially Thomas Doughty and Thomas Cole, were finding accurate paintings of nature the most popular form of art. Man no longer was solely interested in man, but, having subdued nature, was even willing to pay artists to paint aspects of natural beauty%u2014providing they painted in the tight, realistic manner of the Dtisseldorf Masters or the grand manner of French and Italian Romanticists. Oil Painting Reproductions An exciting period saw the first blooming of American landscape painting. By now the young United States had fought and won two wars with England, and was breeding aroimd the question of slavery the most tragic war in our entire history. Progress in the United States was more rapid than in any European nation; Seasonal Fall painting canals and wagon routes had been greatly multiplied; there were 3,000 miles of railroads; population had almost tripled since the beginning of the century; the entire rich Mississippi Valley had been opened to settlement. Texas had been wrested from an impotent Mexico and the Alamo had become a symbol of the American spirit. Jacksonian Democracy, pledged to a "New Deal" for the new states against the bankers of the East, Seasonal Winter painting had emerged as "a people%u2019s victory" in 1828, and Old Hickory had put into words that basic principle of American politics: "To the victor belong the spoils." During the nation%u2019s first great financial depression that greeted the administration of Van Buren, Jackson%u2019s successor, progress continued under its own momentum. Kandinsky Paintings Seldom has any group of artists enjoyed the monetary success of these landscapists. Americans showed their inherent love for a literary art by the demand they made for these canvases. Family and Groups painting Durand, when age had weakened his hand, was able to enjoy old age in peaceful, unworried retirement; Kensett became wealthy, and after his death in 1873 the paintings remaining in his studio sold at auction for $150,000; Bierstadt and Church brought prices that are the envy of contemporary landscape painters%u2014$9,000 for a Church waterfall. The low prices they now bring at auction argue not against their literary content, but against their large size, monotonous detail and dry, thin color. The high prices in those days, however, went to artists who followed Europe most closely. Portraits painting Inness had little patronage until he absorbed the French Barbizons. Women in Art Durand during his long life of ninety years saw the landscape school bom, flourish, fall from fashion; saw a new taste for foreign work (Hunt, La Farge, Whistler) arise, saw the young men desert Italy and Diisseldorf for the new gods of Paris and Munich. Church won the unique distinction of praise from the English critic, Ruskin, who was then widely read but little understood by Americans. Ruskin previously had condemned America: "I have just been seeing a number of landscapes by an American painter of some repute [Kensett]; and the ugliness of them is Wonderful. Men in Art I see that they are true studies and that the ugliness of the country must be Unfathomable." Oil Painting Reproductions